Motorsport marshal

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(Redirected from Track marshal)
It has been suggested that Auto race workers be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Track marshals in Britain, in this case waving a red flag
Motorsport Marshals have a long history in motor racing and the running of racing events, even at more amateur levels such as the racing of go carts. They are responsible for the safety of competitors and their presence is necessary to aid them in case of any collisions, accidents or track problems.Track marshals, in some countries known as a course workers, are present at track events and occupy various points of danger around the circuit.A rally marshal holds much the same duties, but are present at rallies. They are usually housed in posts along the stage of a rally at junctions, to be of aid if a car has an accident.
Most track marshals have a love for racing and possess the following skills:
Use of radios (radio protocol and shorthand)
Good vision
Flag signaling
Trained in fire fighting, including chemical fires caused by gasoline, oil, nitrous oxide, alcohol etc.
Trained in first aid, as a first responder (first aid, CPR and heart defibrillator certifications)
Experience with crowd control, ticket sales, pit crew safety and racing rules of various racing events, including race car equipment inspection.
Often a Chief Track Marshal’s responsibilities will include the supervision and briefing of marshals for all daily activities, allocation of day-to-day marshalling duties; provision of marshal’s vehicles, training of all marshals for incident handling, flag signaling, fire fighting, communications and basic track first aid as well as monitoring of health and safety on site to ensure the safety of all guests and personnel off-track. During the race the Chief Track Marshal role is running the radio etwork and communication with all other track marshals as et control.
Successful Chief Track Marshals are highly organized with good communication skills and have previous experience in track marshalling or similar motor sport roles.
Contents
1 To become a marshal
2 Essential items
3 The day at the races
4 External links
4.1 Associations
5 Marshalling guide
//
To become a marshal
Anyone wishing to apply to be a marshal would usually be advised to attend a training session that takes place at their nearest racetrack. Normally this would be a two day session with the Saturday being reserved for flag training for experienced marshals wishing to become flag marshals and a session held for those of all levels on Sunday.
During the Sunday session in the early morning, after a briefing session, marshals are usually split into two groups, newcomers & inexperienced and those who are more experienced. During a newcomer session, they would be advised on what to bring to the race. The afternoon session would normally consist of fire fighting exercises, where marshals would work in pairs, one holding the blue (Dry Powder) fire extinguisher, which they use to reduce the flame to a manageable size first, then the second one extinguishes it completely with the white (water) extinguisher. After that session, the newcomers would be shown one of the observer posts which the would be stationed at during the race.
Once the training sessions are completed they will be debriefed. At the end of a training day a potential marshal would be given a list of meetings they wish to work at. In order for them to do so, they must fill in the sheet and send it off or speak with a marshal from that particular track who could provide them with a contact to give them an entry ticket to get in.
Essential items
These are the items that are considered to be essential items for a marshal
Safety boots
A warm drink is advised to keep the blood warm as they will be standing up in various types of weather
Packed lunch, though few venues provide food and drink.
Flameproof overalls – Orange is a common colour for this type of clothing for the track marshal
The day at the races
A marshal is expected to attend the signing on session in the early morning at which they will be designated a post they will be working at. Once they have been assigned a post they will make their way to it and be signed in. Here they must have their registration card which will be handed on to the observer. Each group of marshals would usually work in twos, Flag Marshals would remain outside the observer post and Incident Marshals would usually work in two pairs. Before the first race is to commence, each pair of Incident Marshals must ensure that they have with them one white (water) and one blue (Dry Powder) fire extinguisher at their designated marshalling point. If not, they must retrieve them and these are placed to one side of them, ten meters away from the…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about tft flip down monitor, notebook cdrom, lcd large display, internal flash drive, wireless web camera, . The Smart Coffee Machine products should be show more here!

King’s College Hospital

July 9th, 2009 by himfryang

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King’s College Hospital (KCH)
King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
King’s College Hospital, Ruskin Wing
Location
Location
Denmark Hill,, London, England, United Kingdom
Organisation
Care System
NHS
Hospital Type
Teaching
Affiliated University
King’s College London
Services
Emergency Dept.
Yes Accident & Emergency
Beds
950
Speciality
Liver Disease, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Dentistry
History
Founded
1840, current site 1909
Links
Website
Website
See also
Hospitals in England
King’s College Hospital is an acute care facility in the London Borough of Lambeth, referred to locally and by staff simply as “King’s” or abbreviated internally to “KCH”. It serves an inner city population of 700,000 in the London boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham but also serves as a tertiary referral centre in certain specialties to millions of people in southern England.
Contents
1 Early history
2 Modern history
3 Tertiary care specialities
4 Location
5 Famous Alumni
6 References
7 External links
//
Early history
King’s was originally opened in 1840 in the disused St Clements Dane workhouse in Portugal Street close to Lincoln’s Inn Fields. It was used as a training facility where medical students of King’s College London could practice and receive instruction from the college’s own professors. The surrounding area there was composed of overcrowded slums characterised by poverty and disease. Within two years of opening, the hospital was treating 1290 inpatients in 120 beds, with two patients sharing a bed by no means unusual.
Pioneer of aseptic surgery Joseph Lister performed the first major elective surgery under strict antiseptic conditions in 1877. He helped propel the hospital to have a surgical unit comparable with the best in Europe.
In the first years of the 20th century, demographic changes saw a decrease in the number of patients requiring treatment in the centre of London, and an increase of patients from further afield – notably Camberwell, Peckham and Brixton which were then suburbs on the outskirts of London. Following an act of Parliament in 1904, a foundation stone was laid for the new hospital, designed by William Pite, in 1909 at its present site at Denmark Hill, south of the River Thames. In the same year, King’s College became incorporated into the University of London and the hospital was established as a separate legal entity. The move to Denmark Hill provided the Hospital with a greenfield-site nearer to its patients. The building itself incorporated modern design principles to encourage adequate ventilation, used electric clocks throughout, contained only the second internal phone installation in Britain at the time, and generated its own power through the use of diesel engines.

King’s College Hospital, Entrance to the Guthrie Clinic
Pre-clinical training of medical students remained the responsibility of King’s College, whilst advanced medical training took place at the hospital under the auspices of a newly formed King’s College Hospital Medical School. During the period of World War I, a large proportion of the hospital was used for military purposes. A dental school was established at the same site in 1923. During this time most patients were still poor and highly vulnerable to contagious diseases such as tuberculosis. In 1937 the private Guthrie wing was established with a donation from the Stock Exchange Dramatic and Operatic Society for wealthier patients to enjoy less crowded wards. During the Second World War the hospital was used for treating casualties of air raids, and was fortunate never to sustain a major direct hit.
Modern history
Following the creation of the National Health Service in 1948, the hospital was granted Teaching Hospital status. In 1974 the NHS re-organisation saw King’s become the centre for all health services management in its catchment area. The hospital’s medical school was reunited with King’s College in 1983 to form King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry. A purpose-built medical education centre, the Weston Education Centre, was built in 1997 and contains a medical library as well as hosting conferences, symposia, and professional training events as well as containing public access computer rooms for students. In 1998 King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry merged with the United Medical and Dental Schools (UMDS) of Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals to form Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’s School of Medicine, commonly abbreviated to “GKT”. In 2002 the Golden Jubilee wing was completed, which hosts a number of outpatient clinics as well as therapy suites for speech and language, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy.
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Polishing (metalworking)

July 9th, 2009 by himfryang

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(Redirected from Metal polishing)
“Buffing” redirects here. For the concept in cosmetics, see Nail buffing.
Polishing and buffing are finishing processes for smoothing a workpiece’s surface using an abrasive and a work wheel. Technically polishing refers to processes that use an abrasive that is glued to the work wheel, while buffing uses a loose abrasive applied to the work wheel. Polishing is a more aggressive process while buffing is less harsh, which leads to a smoother, brighter finish. A common misconception is that a polished surface has a mirror bright finish, however most mirror bright finishes are actually buffed.
Polishing is often used to enhance the looks of an item, prevent contamination of medical instruments, remove oxidation, create a reflective surface, or prevent corrosion in pipes. In metallography and metallurgy, polishing is used to create a flat, defect-free surface for examination of a metal’s microstructure under a microscope. Silicon-based polishing pads or a diamond solution can be used in the polishing process.
The removal of oxidization (tarnish) from metal objects is accomplished using a metal polish or tarnish remover; this is also called polishing. To prevent further unwanted oxidization, polished metal surfaces may be coated with a wax, oil or lacquer. This is of particular concern for copper alloy products such as brass and bronze.
Contents
1 Process
1.1 Equipment
2 Applications
3 See also
4 References
4.1 Notes
4.2 Bibliography
//
Process
Polishing is usually multistage process because the first stage is starts with a rough abrasive and each subsequent stage uses a finer abrasive until the desired finish is achieved. The rough pass removes surface defects like pits, nicks, lines and scratches. The finer abrasives leave very thin lines that are not visible to the naked eye. Lubricants like wax and kerosene are used as lubricating and cooling media during these operations. Buffing may be done by hand with a stationary polisher or die grinder, or it may be automated using specialized equipment.
When buffing there are two types of buffing motions: the cut motion and the color motion. The cut motion is designed to give a uniform, smooth, semi-bright surface finish. This is achieved by moving the workpiece against the rotation of the buffing wheel, while using medium to hard pressure. The color motion gives a clean, bright, shiny surface finish. This is achieved by moving the workpiece withe the rotation of the buffing wheel, while using medium to light pressure.
When polishing brass, there are often minute marks in the metal caused by impurities. To overcome this, the surface is polished with a very fine (600) grit, copper plated, then buffed to a mirror finish with an airflow mop.[citation needed]
Polishing operations for items such as chisels, hammers, screwdrivers, wrenches, etc., are given a fine finish but not plated. In order to achieve this finish four operations are required: roughing, dry fining, greasing, and coloring. Note that roughing is usually done on a solid grinding wheel and for an extra fine polish the greasing operation may be broken up into two operations: rough greasing and fine greasing. However, for inexpensive items money is saved by only performing the first two operations.
Polishing knives and cutlery is known as fine glazing or blue glazing. Sand buffing, when used on German silver, white metal, etc., is technically a buffing operation because it uses a loose abrasive, but removes a significant amount of material, like polishing.
Equipment
Aluminium oxide abrasives are used on high tensile strength metals, such as carbon and alloy steel, tough iron, and nonferrous alloys. Silicon carbide abrasives are used on hard and brittle substances, such as grey iron and cemented carbide, and low tensile strength metals, such as brass, aluminium, and copper.
Polishing wheels come in a wide variety of types to fulfill a wide range of needs. The most common materials used for polishing wheels are wood, leather, canvas, cotton cloth, plastic, felt, paper, sheepskin, impregnated rubber, canvas composition, and wool; leather and canvas are the most common. Wooden wheels have emery or other abrasives glued onto them and are used to polish flat surfaces and maintained good edges. There are many types of cloth wheels. Cloth wheels that are cemented together are very hard and used for rough work, whereas other cloth wheels that are sewn and glued together are not as aggressive. There are cloth wheels that are not glued or cemented, instead these are sewed and have metal side plates for support. Solid felt wheels are popular for fine finishes. Hard roughing wheels can be made by cementing together strawboard paper disks. Softer paper wheels are made from felt paper. Most wheels are run at approximately 7500 surface feet…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about buy sport shoes, high heel clogs, upcoming jordan shoes, cheap bowling shoes, mens house slippers, . The disposable sarong on elastic band products should be show more here!

Diamond core drill bit

July 9th, 2009 by himfryang

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(Redirected from Diamond core drill)

115mm diamond core drill bit
Diamond core drill bits (sometimes called diamond hole saws) are used to bore holes in brick, concrete, glass, and stone. They are not generally used with softer materials. The bit consists of a metal cylinder, usually relatively soft steel mounted on an arbor. Industrial diamonds are secured at the open end of the cylinder, using one of several methods, including nickel electroplating, vacuum brazing, and metal sintering. In the image, the impregnated diamonds are welded onto the metal segments attached to the end. The segments are thicker than the cylinder wall, so most of the bit does not rub in the hole being bored. The sloping slots in the cylinder wall help carry the dust out.
Diamond core drills can be used with or without water/coolant lubrication depending on the hardness of the material being drilled. Coolant will dramatically extend the life of diamond tools. The drill shown can cut a 115mm (4.5inch) diameter hole through a single-thickness brick wall in less than a minute, running at about 300 RPM. The resultant hole is very cleanly cut. Smaller diameter drills require faster speeds. An obvious advantage over conventional masonry drills is the core bit’s efficiency since very little of the removed core must actually be abraded, the power and operator effort required to drill a very large hole is reduced enormously, and the capacity of a given portable drill greatly increased.
This form of core drill wanders hopelessly when presented to a flat surface. Drill presses will hold them secure. If drilling by hand, it needs a centering mechanism. The arbor can carry a masonry bit to bore a centering hole. (The version shown has a plain 10 mm (0.4inch) rod; a 10 mm masonry twist drill must first be used to drill the centering hole for the rod.) A wooden or stone template, a close fit for the cylinder, can also be used to guide the bit at the start of the cut. After the first few millimeters of cut, the centering mechanism may no longer be needed, although it will help the bit to bore without wandering in a deep hole.
Diamond core drill bits for use with portable drills are commonly available in diameters from 6 mm to 130 mm. The only limit on length of the cylinder, and thus depth of the hole, is the need to remove the bit from the hole to clear dust. 300mm (11.8inch) cylinder length is not uncommon, although shorter bits are usual. By breaking the core off from time to time and using a shank extension, a diamond core drill can drill to depths many times its length.
Some disadvantages quickly become apparent when using these bits:
The portable drill used must be capable of producing considerable torque at low speed
They tend to bind if choked with dust, or if allowed to wander away from the central axis of the planned hole
The kick-back from a powerful drill may be severe under some conditions, and long side-handles should be used, preferably with two operators for very large holes. Careful consideration should be given to this when using such equipment at height or in confined spaces, for obvious reasons.
See also
Hole saw
Diamond drilling porcelain for drilling tiles
Core drill
References
Categories: Drilling and threading
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Care 30

July 9th, 2009 by himfryang

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CARE 30 is a refrigerant consisting of a blend of iso-butane (R600a) and propane (R290) developed to replace R12 and R134a. It is primarily for use in small commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning systems that have traditionally used R12.
Compatibility
It operates at similar pressures, and possesses similar volumetric refrigerating effect, to R12 or R134a. Can be used in an R12 or R134a compressor or a specific CARE 30 compressor. Can be used with R12 or R134a heat exchangers and expansion devices. It is compatible with most common refrigeration materials and lubricants.
Comparison
Comparison with normally used refrigerant R12 and R134a
CARE 30
R12
R134a
Chemical Type
HC
CFC
HFC
Composition
zeotrope
Pure
Pure
Application
small commercial
-
-
Temperature Range
high, medium
-
-
Ozone depletion potential (CFC-11=1)
0
0.9
0
Global warming potential (CO2=1, 100yr ITH)
3
10600
1600
Normal boiling point (1.0 bar, abs)
-31
-30
-26
Latent heat (1.0 bar, abs)
367 kJ/kg
145 kJ/kg
189 kJ/kg
Refrigerant mass charge size (R12=100%)
41%
100%
91%
Categories: Refrigerants
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Tantra Online

July 9th, 2009 by himfryang

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Tantra Online is a PVP MMORPG developed by HanbitSoft. This game has been published by PT.PlayOn Interactive in Indonesia since October 2004. It is largely based on Hindu mythology, with some influence from Buddhist mythology. This is apparent from many aspects of the game’s universe; the names of the principal deities involved in the background story (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva; the Hindu trinity) there are 8 Tribes in Tantra Online, they are Yaksa, Gandharva, Asura, Rakshasa, Naga, Kimnara, Deva, and Garuda.
Like other MMORPG, you have to create a character by choosing one of the 8 tribes in tantra, and kill monsters to attain a higher level. Leveling can be done either solo or you can create/join a party. Once in a party, the experience and money drops of each monster is divided to each party member.
Contents
1 Kathana I Portent of Darkness
2 Kathana II A Light in the Darkness
3 Kathana III Epic of Avatara
4 External links
//
Kathana I Portent of Darkness
1.The Eight Tribes
In this game there are eight tribes that players can choose. These are the tribes’ names:
1.1 YaksaMet The Yaksa tribe are adept hunters who resides in the northern region of the Mandara highlands. Free-spirited and carefree, they occasionally enjoy a good fight but are gentle and noble creatures. They can often be seen roaming around the Great Plains just merrily wandering around. Battle-hardened and ferocious, their bodies are extremely resistant to endure most common attacks. They have acquired a superior mastery in handling simple and short-range weapons. The only chink in their armor lies in their weak strength.
1.2 Gandharva The Gandharvas can be found in the alpine region north of the Mandara highlands. Lithe and swift, they have developed a heightened endurance and their quickness enables them to evade most attacks.
Gandharvas are quite small but they are solidly built and skillful in short-range battles. Their Achilles heel lies in their weak striking power and their weapons of choice are short-range implements attached to their hands or wrists.
1.3 Asura
The Asura tribe made their way down to the northeast of the Mandara plateau where they eventually settled down. They earn their living by hunting wild animals in the steep and rugged mountains. Some of the Asuras play their wares as bounty hunters, stalking criminals with booties on their heads.
Quickness and a mighty striking force are the main weapons of the Asuras but they are a notch lower in physical strength. They can annihilate an enemy with a single blow from their sword.
1.4 Rakshasa
The Rakshasa tribe inhabits the northern area of the peninsula near the Mandara highlands. In stark contrast with Mandara, the climate in their area is quite humid as it is a sultry rainforest region.
Vanity is an essential trait of the Rakshasas. They shun the use of heavy armory as it restricts their mobility and agility. However, they are considered as the quickest and fastest of all the tribes. This disdain for bodily protection makes them vulnerable to deathblows or fatal strikes from their foes. Having weak defenses also prevents enhanced muscular strength.
1.5 Naga
The strapping and gregarious Naga dwell on the pristine islands surrounded by the majestic waters of the Aegean Sea. Their habitation is located at the western part of Rameswaram, considered the sacred ground of the south.
The Nagas are fishermen by profession. They hop from island to island in search of new discoveries. Wielding their mighty broadswords, they are universally hailed as the strongest among all the tribes. One swing from their sword and a small boat is sliced into two.
Their humungous physique makes them easy prey on land as they are horrendously slow. To compensate for this, they resort to wearing heavy armor as added protection. Relying heavily on their superhuman strength, they shun the use of any form of Mantra whatsoever.
1.6 Kimnara
Transporting and selling the daily necessities are the main tasks of the Kimnaras. They hawk their trade in the most extreme of natural environments and are usually aided by female warriors. This hardy race can be found living in the desert portion of the far end of the west continent.
The Kimnaras are female warriors who are highly-attuned to the ancient discipline of Chakra, the art of enhancing physical prowess. They are held in the same league as the Naga tribe in terms of bodily strength. Extremely powerful and clad in solid armor, they are a force to reckon with in combat. However, their brutish physique slows them down and they are defenseless from magic attacks.
1.7 Deva
The Deva tribe calls the east end of the continent as their abode, a picturesque region with a cool climate. This chilly environment is conducive for learning the Mantra Arts (magic) and for preserving the…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about generator engine, yanmar marine diesel engine, 22r engines, parker hydraulic motor, die cast motor, . The Dyneema Motocycle Winch Rope products should be show more here!

Tung oil

July 9th, 2009 by himfryang

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Tung oil is used as a wood finishing product. It has two distinct meanings, pure tung oil and tung oil finishes, which are often confused.
Major fatty acid composition of tung oil
Palmitic acid
5.5%
Oleic acid
4.0%
Linoleic acid
8.5%
Eleostearic acid
82.0%
Contents
1 Pure tung oil
2 Polymerized tung oil
3 ung oil finishes
4 Application
5 Food contact and allergic reactions
6 Other uses
7 References
8 External links
//
Pure tung oil

Showing the golden effect of polymerized tung oil vs bare wood.
Tung oil is made from the pressed seed from the nut of the tung tree. Tung oil is considered a drying oil much as linseed, safflower, poppy and soybean oil. When applied, it provides a tough, highly water-resistant finish which does not darken noticeably with age as does linseed oil. This is not to say that it is a colorless finish; it still has a slight golden tint.
Tung oil is also sometimes called hina wood oil. It has been used for hundreds if not thousands of years in China to seal decorative and marine wood as well as porous masonry.
Polymerized tung oil
Heating or chemical treatment of pure Tung oil will substantially increase the viscosity and film-forming quality of the product. The resulting oil will range in consistency from that of maple syrup to that of motor oil. Some brands, such as Lee Valley Tools, include quick evaporating thinners to make it easier to work with and improve wood penetration.
ung oil finishes
ung oil finish refers to a wetted wood look that a succession of penetrating tung oil applications gives. However, it is also a generic term and has been liberally borrowed by paint-and-varnish makers to describe the expected result of using their preparations which may or may not actually contain any tung oil at all.
Application
The traditional technique is to apply the diluted oil as a succession of very thin films with soft non-fuzzy cloth like tee-shirt cotton. Dilutants range from traditional Spirits of turpentine to any of the new citrus thinners to VM&P naphtha. The choice of thinner should be guided by how fast the coating needs to set. Naphtha is often too fast, but works well in spray-on applications in well ventilated studios. Primary coats may be laid down at a 1:2 oil-to-thinner ratio, and successive layers (3 or more) at higher oil concentrations, with the final layer consisting of the oil alone. This technique results in the traditional wet-wood look by filling in all open wood cells as water does. The finish is matte by its nature.
Tung oil finishes that start with polymerized pure oils or ung oil preparations are best applied in the fat over lean principle: thinned pure oil is applied to deeply penetrate the surface, to fill pores. Straight oil is then applied moderately to adhere to the surface and provide a good base for the thick gloss layers. The polymerized oil is then applied thickly as a single layer, allowed to fully dry, is buffed smooth with very fine sandpaper then 00 steel wool. The surface is wiped clean with a moistened rag, then allowed to dry. A final coat is again applied fairly thickly the oil will smooth itself into a glass-like coating and allowed to dry for two to three days. The resulting finish is almost completely impervious to water.
Food contact and allergic reactions
As the source of tung oil is a nut, people with nut allergies often report adverse reactions to contact with (or even the odour of) tung oil. Reactions can be severe in some cases. Whilst tung oil has been used for many centuries as a finish for kitchen items such as wooden bowls and cutting boards, some individuals must avoid its use.
Other uses
As the penetrating power of tung oil is excellent and it will adhere to porous minerals, it is often the ecret ingredient that traditional stonemasons apply to granite or marble that is destined to serve duty in kitchens, bathrooms and other staining fluid environments. Applied at a 1:5 ratio (oil to naphtha), it seals the surfaces permanently, while also giving a finish like that of wet stone to the product. Often several thin layers are applied at the high solvent-to-oil ratio, in order to build up the durability and permanence of the coating. The non-yellowing nature of tung oil is vitally important for its satisfactory use in these applications. Clean up, especially of hands, may be difficult without a solvent.
References
^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. “Minor oil crops – Individual monographs”. http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5043E/x5043E0e.htm. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
External links
Finishing pine with tung oil
Oil Finishes: Their History and Use
Categories: Wood finishing materials | Vegetable oils | Painting materials
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Boy with a Basket of Fruit

July 9th, 2009 by himfryang

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(Redirected from Boy with a Basket of Fruit (Caravaggio))
Boy with a Basket of Fruit
Caravaggio, c. 1593
Oil on canvas
70cm67cm (28in26in)
Galleria Borghese, Rome
Boy with a Basket of Fruit, c.1593, is a painting by Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, currently in the Galleria Borghese, Rome.
The painting dates from the time when Caravaggio, newly arrived in Rome from his native Milan, was making his way in the competitive Roman art world. The model is his friend and companion, the Sicilian painter Mario Minniti, at about 16 years old. The work was in the collection of Giuseppe Cesari, the Cavaliere d’Arpino, seized by Cardinal Scipione Borghese in 1607, and may therefore date to the period when Caravaggio worked for d’Arpino “painting flowers and fruits” in his workshop; but it may date from a slightly later period when Caravaggio and Minniti had left Cavalier d’Arpino’s workshop (January 1594) to make their own way selling paintings through the dealer Costantino. Certainly it cannot predate 1593, the year Minniti arrived in Rome. It is believed to predate more complex works from the same period (also featuring Minniti as a model) such as The Fortune Teller and the Cardsharps (both 1594), the latter of which brought Caravaggio to the attention of his first important patron, Cardinal Francesco Maria Del Monte.
At one level the painting is a genre piece designed to demonstrate the artist’s ability to depict everything from the skin of the boy to the skin of a peach, from the folds of the robe to the weave of the basket. Also note the shadow along the back wall; Caravaggio is probably painting the shadow of him and his canvas. The fruit is especially exquisite, and Professor Jules Janick of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture at Purdue University, Indiana, has analysed them from a horticulturalist’s perspective:
The basket … contains a great many fruits, all in nearly perfect condition and including a bi-colored peach with a bright red blush; four clusters of grapes two black, one red, and one “white;” a ripe pomegranate split open, disgorging its red seeds; four figs, two of them dead-ripe, black ones, both split and two light-colored; two medlars; three appleswo red, one blushed and the other striped, and one yellow with a russet basin and a scar; two branches with small pears, one of them with five yellow ones with a bright red cheek and the other, half-hidden, with small yellow, blushed fruits. There are also leaves showing various disorders: a prominent virescent grape leaf with fungal spots and another with a white insect egg mass resembling that of the oblique banded leaf roller (Choristoneura rosaceana), and peach leaves with various spots.
The analysis indicates that Caravaggio is being realistic, in capturing only what was in the fruit basket; he idealizes neither their ripeness nor their arrangement– yet almost miraculously, we are still drawn in to look at it; for the viewer it is very much a beautiful subject.
At another level commentators have remarked the sensuality of Minniti as portrayed by Caravaggio, with his bared shoulder, slender throat, and languid gaze – so much so that more than one connoisseur over the centuries has taken Minniti for a girl. But if there is a hint of sensuous longing in Caravaggio’s portrayal of Minniti, there is none in Minniti himself: he gives every appearance of a boy posing for a friend with a heavy basket, a little tired, but obliging. This is the first evidence of the psychological, as well as physical, realism that would mark Caravaggio’s mature works.
External links
Caravaggio’s fruit (Professor Jules Janick)

v?d?eCaravaggio
List of works
15931594
Boy Peeling Fruit (c. 1592) Self Portrait as Bacchus (Il Bacchino malato) (c. 1593) Boy with a Basket of Fruit The Fortune Teller (Buona ventura) (c. 1594) Cardsharps (I bari) (c. 1594)
15951599the Del Montepaintings
The Musicians (c. 1595) Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (c. 1595) Saint Francis in Meditation (c. 1595) Boy Bitten by a Lizard (c. 1596) Apollo the Lute Player (c. 1596) The Lute Player (c. 1596) Bacchus (c. 1596) Penitent Magdalene (c. 1597) Rest on the Flight into Egypt (c. 1597) Medusa (c. 1597) Portrait of a Courtesan (Fillide Melandroni) (c. 1597) Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto (c. 1597) The Fortune Teller (c. 159798) Saint Catherine of Alexandria (c. 1598) The Sacrifice of Isaac (Princeton version) (c. 1598) John the Baptist (c. 1598) Martha and Mary Magdalene (c. 1598) Portrait of Maffeo Barberini (1598) Basket of Fruit (c. 1599) Judith Beheading Holofernes (c. 1599) David and Goliath (c. 1599) Narcissus (c. 1599) Boy Bitten by a Lizard (c. 1600)
16001606Most famouspainter in Rome
The Calling of Saint Matthew (15991600) The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew (15991600) The Conversion of Saint Paul (1600) The…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about tropical brown, electric oven cooking, soap essential oils, paper gum, siberian pine nut oil, . The w800 watch mobile phone products should be show more here!

High dynamic range imaging

July 8th, 2009 by himfryang

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An example of a rendering of an HDRI tone-mapped image in a New York City nighttime cityscape.

Tone-mapped image made from nine exposures of Tren?, Slovakia at night.
In image processing, computer graphics, and photography, high dynamic range imaging (HDRI or just HDR) is a set of techniques that allows a greater dynamic range of luminances between light and dark areas of a scene than normal digital imaging techniques. The intention of HDRI is to accurately represent the wide range of intensity levels found in real scenes ranging from direct sunlight to shadows.
High dynamic range imaging was originally developed in the 1930s and 1940s by Charles Wyckoff. Wyckoff’s detailed pictures of nuclear explosions appeared on the cover of Life magazine in the mid 1940s. The process of tone mapping together with bracketed exposures of normal digital images, giving the end result a high, often exaggerated dynamic range, was first reported in 1993, and resulted in a mathematical theory of differently exposed pictures of the same subject matter that was published in 1995 by Steve Mann and Rosalind Picard. In 1997 this technique of combining several differently exposed images to produce a single HDR image was presented to the computer graphics community by Paul Debevec.
This method was developed to produce a high dynamic range image from a set of photographs taken with a range of exposures. With the rising popularity of digital cameras and easy-to-use desktop software, the term HDR is now popularly used to refer to this process. This composite technique is different from (and may be of lesser or greater quality than) the production of an image from a single exposure of a sensor that has a native high dynamic range. Tone mapping is also used to display HDR images on devices with a low native dynamic range, such as a computer screen.
Contents
1 History
2 Comparison with traditional digital images
3 Synthetic HDR images
4 Tone mapping
5 Exposure examples
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
//
History
The idea of using several exposures to fix a too-extreme range of luminance was pioneered as early as the 1850s by Gustave Le Gray to render seascapes showing both the sky and the sea. Such rendering was impossible at the time using standard techniques, the luminosity range being too extreme. Le Gray used one negative for the sky, and another one with a longer exposure for the sea, and combined the two in a single picture in positive.
The desirability of HDR has been recognised for decades but its wider usage was, until quite recently, precluded by the limitations imposed by the available computer processing power. Probably the first practical application of HDRI was by the movie industry in late 1980s and, in 1985, Gregory Ward created the Radiance RGBE image file format which was the first (and still the most commonly used) High Dynamic Range Imaging file format. Steve Mann developed the method for producing digital images having extended dynamic range at the MIT Media Laboratory and filed a patent on the technique in May of 1996. US patent 5,828,793 was issued in October 1998 for this work. In 1997 the technique of combining several differently exposed images to produce a single HDR image was presented to the public by Paul Debevec and his research has since contributed significantly to the popularization of HDRI.[citation needed]
HDRI is commonly used in the real estate and architectural photography markets due to its advantage of properly exposing both window and room areas simultaneously.
Until recently there were no “pure” examples of HDR based cinematography, since the effects were most commonly used during composited sequences in films. However with the advent of low cost consumer digital cameras, many amateurs began posting HDR timelapse videos on the Internet. In 2008 Mobius/Quark Films released “Silicon Valley Timelapse” which is said to feature almost 1.1 million frames of tone mapped HDR, making it the largest single source of tone mapped HDR footage available to date.
Comparison with traditional digital images

Fountain in Dupont Circle, Washington DC using HDRI.
Information stored in high dynamic range images usually corresponds to the physical values of luminance or radiance that can be observed in the real world. This is different from traditional digital images, which represent colors that should appear on a monitor or a paper print. Therefore, HDR image formats are often called “scene-referred”, in contrast to traditional digital images, which are “device-referred” or “output-referred”. Furthermore, traditional images are usually encoded for the human visual system (maximizing the visual information stored in the fixed number of bits), which is usually called “gamma encoding” or “gamma correction”. The values stored for HDR images…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about drip coffee maker, super juicer, industrial blender, stretch hood, classic toaster, . The Silicone Structural Sealant for Building(JS-6000) products should be show more here!

File:Rj11 connector.jpg

July 8th, 2009 by himfryang

I want to introduct something about Through-Hole-Mounted A/V Connector. Through-Hole-Mounted A/V Connector Country of Origin: China (mainland) Main Export Markets: Eastern Europe North America Mid East/Africa Central/South America Asia Western Europe Australasia Through-Hole-Mounted A/V Connector TSH-377 Through-Hole-Mounted A/V Connector with Thermoplastic Case Request Sample View basket Specifications Key Specifications/Special Features: Insulation resistance of adjacent opened terminals shall not be less than 50 Mohms when measured with 500V resistance meter Connector shall withstand 500V (RMS) between adjacent opened terminal for one minute Contact resistance of normally closed terminals shall not exceed 0.03 ohm when measured at a current of one ampere by voltage drop method After exposed at temperature of 40 +/- 2 deg. C, insulation resistance shall not be less than 30 Mohms At relative humidity of 90% to 95% for 48 hours, insulation resistance shall not be less than 30 Mohms Dried at room
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Description: An RJ25 connectorSource: Copyright 2006 Larry D. MooreDate: 2006-12-31Author:Image taken by Larry D. Moore with a Kodak P880 cameraPermission: Released under the GFDL and Creative Commons licenses shown below by Larry D. Moore with permission from authorOther versions of this file: No
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01:09, 30 April 2008
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Spacefem (talk | contribs)
(==Summary== ”’Description:”’ An RJ25 connector<br> ”’Source:”’ Base image taken by Larry Moore with a Kodak P880 camera<br> ”’Date:”’ 2006-12-31<br> ”’Author:”’Larry Moore<br> ”’Permission:”’ Released under the GFDL and Creative Commons lice)
16:15, 31 December 2006
389583 (195 KB)
Nv8200p (talk | contribs)
(==Summary== ”’Description:”’ An RJ11 connector<br> ”’Source:”’ Image taken by Larry Moore with a Kodak P880 camera<br> ”’Date:”’ 2006-12-31<br> ”’Author:”’Larry Moore<br> ”’Permission:”’ Released under the GFDL and Creative Commons licenses )(latest | earliest) View (newer 50) (older 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)
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RJ11, RJ14, RJ25
Lego Mindstorms NXT
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Hidden categories: GFDL images with disclaimers | All free media(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about s video connectors, copper lug, coaxial rf connector, t connectors, vga to bnc, . The Through-Hole-Mounted A/V Connector products should be show more here!